Membrane-Based Separation Methods for Effective Contaminant Removal in Wastewater and Water Systems

Abstract

Potential Emerging Pollutants (PEPs), including dangerous chemicals, toxic metals, and biological waste, significantly endanger human well-being, hygiene, and ecological systems by contaminating ecosystems and water supplies. The PEPs come from diverse industrial Wastewater (WW) emissions, including those from the drugs, food, and metals manufacturing sectors. These PEPs in touch with water contaminate the water and disrupt aquatic life. A multitude of techniques have been employed for the treatment of effluents and the separation of harmful compounds and metals. Among these systems, Membrane-Based Separating Processes (MBSPs) surpass traditional methods of delivering pure water from WW streams at a cost-effective rate with minimal energy consumption. This research discusses Micro Filtering (MF), Ultrafiltering (UF), Nano Filtering (NF), Reversed Osmosis (RO), Forward Osmosis (FO), and hybrid methods, referencing findings from the past decades.