Recent Patterns in the Usage of Nanomaterials and Nanofiltration Models for Pollutant Removal in Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

Water contamination presents substantial risks to ecosystems and human health. Addressing this issue necessitates efficiently treating home wastewater to transform trash into bio-fertilizers and gases. Disregarding liquid waste management incurs significant repercussions for public health and the ecosystem. This review examines advanced methods for the treatment of water and wastewater, with an emphasis on combating water-borne illnesses. It encompasses pollution avoidance and purifying techniques, such as hydrotherapy, membrane filtering, mechanical filtering, reversal osmosis, ion exchange, and copper-zinc cleansing. The article emphasizes extraction, field approaches, heavy metal elimination, and innovative technologies such as nanochips, graphite, Nanofiltration (NF), airborne water generations, and Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs)-based remediation. The analysis highlights the importance of water purification for ecosystem preservation and human well-being, addressing pollution concerns and examining the incorporation of wastewater administration, coagulant methods, and Nanomaterial application in management strategies. Advanced biological processes, integrated with filtration, sterilization, and membranes, can enhance recovery rates by as much as 91%, exceeding the efficacy of standalone primary (<12%) or biological approaches (<52%). The future offers potential as modern purification methods improve water quality and accessibility, highlighting the necessity for responsible water preservation and administration to ensure sustainability.