A Review of Membrane Filtrating Methods for Contaminant/Pollution Removal in Water and Sewage Treatment

Abstract

Drinking water supplies are becoming vulnerable to various forms of pollution owing to human activities, and appropriate treatment is needed to eliminate pathogenic agents. Community drinking water systems employ several treatment procedures to ensure people's drinking water security and portability. They are inadequate in removing hazardous pollutants to the surroundings and human health. Alternative treatment procedures, including membrane filtering, have been suggested as ultimate purification techniques. This article seeks to elucidate the categories of pollutant substances, filtering methodologies, and membranes that have been extensively researched. It focuses explicitly on how modifications to membranes—whether through manufacturing techniques or the integration of nanomaterials—affect their efficacy.