Engineering Perspectives in Filtration and Separation
Engineering Perspectives in Filtration and Separation is a scientific journal dedicated to advancements in the field of separating solids, liquids, and gases using various filtration and separation techniques. It covers research on innovative materials, cutting-edge technologies, and industrial applications in areas such as water treatment, pharmaceuticals, food processing, and chemical engineering. The journal highlights experimental studies, theoretical models, and emerging trends to enhance efficiency and sustainability in separation processes. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and professionals working in diverse industries. ISSN-3107-5290 Publication Frequency: 4 Issues per year Publication Language: English Subject: Engineering(Filtration and Separation) Journal Starting Year: 2023 Publication Mode: Online
Superhydrophobic Coatings in Membrane Technology: Enhancing Oil-Water Separation
This research analyzes the influence of superhydrophobic coatings on the membrane processes for oil-water separation enhancement. A composite membrane was fabricated with incorporated silica nanoparticles and fluorinated polymers which was tested against anti-fouling and oil rejection criteria. The Composite Membrane demonstrated high oil rejection, anti-fouling, and durability under various stable operational conditions. Performance analysis of coated membranes against uncoated membranes showed improvement in separation efficiency and lifespan of the membrane. Research results demonstrated that surface modification techniques can improve the performance and efficiency of membrane based separation processes in relation to environmental concerns and operational issues with wastewater treatment and industrial discharge systems.
Superhydrophobic Coatings, Membrane Technology, Oil-Water Separation, Antifouling, Nanomaterials, Surface Modification, Wastewater Treatment.
Copyright (c) 2024 Engineering Perspectives in Filtration and Separation
Protein Separation Using Affinity-Based Membrane Chromatography
This study investigates the application of affinity-based membrane chromatography (ABMC) techniques for the efficient protein separation in biopharmaceutical processes. The goal is to improve membrane functionality to sustain higher perfusion rates by implementing flow-through designs and hybrid ligand modifications. This work uses computational simulations alongside experimental validation of the membranes to test their selective adsorption, binding, and bind-release cycles. The findings showed increased productivity and purity relative to precedented resin-based chromatographic techniques. This research helps downstream processing of biologics by offering a membrane separation method that is easier to automate and more efficient than existing solutions.
Affinity Membrane Chromatography, Protein Separation, Biopharmaceutical Processing, Ligand Binding, Membrane Performance, Selective Adsorption, Downstream Processing, Hybrid Membranes.
Exploring Non-Fouling Membrane Materials for Cell Culture Filtration
The past few years have been marked by the decrease in the efficiency of protein separation processes in biopharmaceutical systems and the automated fabrication of biopharmaceuticals in closed controlled volumetric bioreactors. This paper provides a comprehensive approach for the development and use of non-fouling membrane materials for cell culture filtration used in biopharmaceutical processes. This is done through the incorporation of advanced hydrophilic polymers as surface modifications alongwith nanostructured membranes that provide improved resistance to protein and cell adhesion. This paper examines recent literature, explains system design optimization, and analyzes comparative performance with alternative membranes. Results add to the body of knowledge pertaining to automation-ready, scalable biomanufacturing systems that effectively achieve improved permeability, enhanced resistance to fouling, extended filtration life, and optimized sterile operational conditions.
Non-Fouling Membranes, Membrane Biofouling, Surface Modification, Protein Resistance, Hydrophilic Polymers, Cell Culture Filtration, Biopharmaceuticals.
Microfluidic Membrane Devices for Real Time Blood Plasma Separation
This work investigates the design and the operation of microfluidic membrane devices aimed at the real-time separation of blood plasma. The goal is to enhance separation accuracy and response time for point-of-care diagnostic devices. A hybrid approach that included computational modeling and experimental validation was used. Results indicate higher plasma purity and recovery efficiency compared to conventional centrifugation techniques. The study demonstrates the promise of microfluidic devices in the field of medical diagnostic devices, offering an infrastructure for real-time, automated, and low-impact plasma extraction
Microfluidics, Membrane Filtration, Blood Plasma Separation, Point-Of-Care Diagnostics, LabOn-A-Chip, Biomedical Engineering.
Membrane Technologies in Juice Clarification: Comparative Study of UF and NF Systems
This study examines juicing practices concerning membrane methods to clarify juices using ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) classifying membranes. It utilizes experimentation and simulation to assess operational efficiency, product quality, and sustainability. Both UF and NF were observed to improve juice clarity to a significant extent, although NF was observed to provide finer separation albeit at higher energy costs. Comparative analysis illustrates that the choice of membrane considerably depends on what target quality specification aims for while taking into consideration an economic aspect. The gap this investigation fills is the selection of membrane technology to enhance beverage industry processes through technological clarifications.
Membrane Technologies, Juice Processing, Beverage Processing, Ultrafiltration, Nanofiltration, Beverage Filtration, Filtration Performance.
Membrane Filtration in Continuous Pharmaceutical Manufacturing: Challenges and Solutions
The use of membrane filtration in the context of continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing (CPM) has been studied with relation to process steps filtering and drug purification (unit operations). Key challenges of operation are identified and effective solutions proposed. Process conditions and membranes were tested empirically and modeled for membrane performance to achieve results. Results suggest that process efficiency hinges on resistance to fouling, selectivity, and membrane integrity. Significant improvements to filtration reliability and drug purity could be achieved by adjusting the membrane material selection and the operational parameters. Greater attention ought to be directed towards the integration of intelligent control systems with membranes, as this would enable more precise and differentiated robust and scaleable methods CPM.
Membrane Filtration, Biotechnology, Biopharmaceuticals, Filter Performance, Process Optimization, Selectivity, Fouling Control, Continuous Pharmaceutical Manufacturing, Hybrid Modeling.
Integration of Pervaporation and Distillation for Efficient Solvent Recovery in Chemical Industries
The interest in hybrid separation technologies has increased due to the need to develop energy efficient and ecologically sustainable solvent recovery systems in the chemical industry. This research focuses on enhancing solvent recovery by integrating pervaporation and distillation with particular emphasis on azeotropic and close-boiling mixtures that traditional methods struggle with. Pervaporation, a membrane based technique, separates components by selective removal based on affinity and permeability while distillation separates based on volatility. It is our intent to merge both techniques so that greater separation efficiency is obtained while reducing energy consumption and operational costs. In this document, we present a complete system design, performance analysis, and benchmark evaluation through a case study of ethanol– water separation using a distillation column setup which serves as the benchmark. The findings showed marked improvements in recovery efficiency (up to 35%) and energy savings relative to traditional distillation. The results also showed that a polymeric pervaporation membrane offered the required selectivity and sufficient durability over long operational durations. The configured system overcame the azeotropic barrier while increasing the throughput. The combination of pervaporation and distillation improves not only the effectiveness of separation but also sustainable practices in industry, and as such, warrants further exploration. These findings endorse the use of hybrid separation systems for more complex solvent mixtures in chemical processing. Further research is suggested to investigate scaling up the system, developing new materials for the membrane, and optimizing the processes in real-time.
Substance Recovery Solvents, System Distillation and Pervaporation Utilities, Membrane Technologies, Hybrid Separation Process, Pervaporation, Chemical Industry, Process Intensification, Engineering Energy Efficiency.
Dynamic Simulation of Reactive Separation Processes Using Hybrid Modeling Approaches
In this paper, we examine hybrid modeling approaches for dynamic simulation of reactive separation processes pertinent to fine chemical industry. Mechanistic and data-driven models are integrated for simulative purposes within a reactive distillation column featuring an esterification unit. Simulation results reveal substantial advancements in both accuracy and system’s dynamic response predictive modeling when compared to older techniques. The methodology aids in process optimization as well as digital twin development and real-time monitoring. This research brings attention to the efficiency and reliability challenges in complex chemical systems and their potential solutions using hybrid modeling.
Hybrid Modeling, Dynamic Simulation, Reactive Separation, Reactive Distillation, Fine Chemicals, Digital Twin, Process Control, Machine Learning.
Advanced Nanofiber Filters for Sterile Filtration in Biopharmaceutical Processes
This research examines the design and application of novel nanofiber filters in the context of sterile filtration processes within biopharmaceutical production. Nanofiber filters made from electrospinning techniques and advanced material formulations show higher microbial retention and flow efficiency than traditional membranes. The work incorporates experimental data with hybrid modeling approaches to simulate performance under aseptic conditions. The results show improved filtration efficiency, structural integrity, and process scalability which indicate these materials are suitable for continuous and sterile pharmaceutical manufacturing.
Nanofiber Filters, Sterile Filtration, Biopharmaceuticals, Electrospinning, Process Optimization, Membrane Technology, Microbial Retention, Continuous Manufacturing.
Application of Pressure-Driven Membrane Systems in Sustainable Brewing Practices
In this paper ultrafiltration and nanofiltration technologies are applied to improve the processes of water reuse, energy efficiency, and waste reduction at a brewery, aimed at redefining sustainable brewing practices by integrating pressure-driven membrane systems. This research was conducted using a model system designed around the specific characteristics of brewery wastewater, and compared the performance to conventional treatment methods. The results showed marked improvements in the sustainability of the operations. These results demonstrate the powerful impact of membrane technology on the environmental performance of the brewed products industry and the need to propel the industry towards eco-friendly production practices.
Brewery Sustainability Practices, Membrane Pressure Systems, Environmental Performance, Waste Management, Sustainble Technologies.
Protein Concentration from Plant-Based Sources Using Cross-Flow Filtration
This study seeks to explore the use of cross flow filtration on soy, pea, and lentil protein concentration. It proposes an ultrafiltration membrane system for protein separation and concentration using crossflow filtration techniques. Compared to traditional methods, the results obtained were found to improve both yield and protein purity significantly. The crossflow method exhibited improved membrane and energy efficiency as well. These improvements demonstrate the potential of membrane technologies in sustainably and scalably optimizing the extraction of plant proteins.
Membrane Separation, Protein Purification, Ultrafiltration, Cross-Flow Filtration, Plant Based Proteins, Sustainable Processing, Food Technology, Protein Concentration.
Copyright (c) 2025 Engineering Perspectives in Filtration and Separation
Multi-Stage Filtration Systems for Continuous Separation in Fine Chemical Production
The aim of this research is to develop multi-stage filtration systems for continuous separation processes in the production of fine chemicals and implement them. The approach taken includes designing a modular filtration system with modern membranes and more advanced dynamic flow geometry. The findings pointed out greater efficiency in separation, less system downtime, and easier scalability over traditional single-stage systems. The approach taken in this study may contribute towards controlling the sequential chemical workflow in manufacturing processes resulting in reduced expenses and improved eco-friendliness of the processes.
Multi-Stage Filtration, Continuous Separation, Fine Chemical Production, Membrane Filtration, Chemical Engineering, System Design Modular, Industrial Filtration, Process Optimization.
Modeling Fouling Behavior in Membrane Filtration of High-Fat Food Emulsions
A complete model for analyzing and predicting fouling behavior during the membrane filtration of high-fat food emulsions is presented in the food industry. Our key focus is to determine the kinetics and mechanisms causing membranous fouling under different operating conditions. With the experimental data, mathematical modeling was performed to study the effects of fat content, transmembrane pressure, and flow velocity on fouling. Results demonstrate a definitive relationship between fat concentration and the rate of fouling. The model developed assists in optimizing cleaning cycle intervals and enhancing the durability of membranes which contribute toward sustainable food industry processing.
Food Processing, Predictive Modeling, Membrane Lifespan, Ultrafiltration Modelling, Emulsions Membrane Fouling, Membrane Lifetime Maintenance, Transmembrane Pressure, Cleaning Cycles.
Process Optimization of Filtration in Crystallization-Based Product Recovery
This work investigates the integration of filtration with crystallization processes toward recovering products in fine chemical production. A novel dual vacuum-pressure driven hybrid filtration system was designed and studied. Statistical modeling along with practical testing validated temperature, filter media, particle size, and other process variables selected to be optimized. The enhanced process yield was improved by 25% and cycle time decreased by 30% when compared to baseline methods. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating filtration with crystallization and the need for these techniques to be more easily adopted into the chemical manufacturing sector for enhanced energy efficiency.
Filtration, Hybrid Filtration, Fine Chemicals, Separation Efficiency, Yield Improvement, Process Intensification, Product Recovery, Crystallization, Optimization.
Enzyme Recovery and Reuse via Ultrafiltration in Dairy Processing
This study examines the feasibility of enzyme recovery and reuse in dairy processing through ultrafiltration. The objective was to devise a process for membrane retention that would allow for maximal enzymatic activity post several cycles of use. An experimental set up was constructed to test the retention of lactase and protease at various transmembrane pressures and enzyme concentrations. Results showed that it was achievable to maintain activity retention above 85% with minimal degeneration in activity loss over three cycles. This method improves enzyme preservation and dairy industry sustainability by lowering waste and production costs.
Ultrafiltration, Enzyme Preservation, Circular Economy, Lactase, Protease, Dairy Industry, Membrane Filtration, Enzyme Retention, Enzyme Reutilization.
Solar-Driven Membrane Distillation for Decentralized Water Purification
The current work investigates the application of a solar-driven membrane distillation (SDMD) system for remotely located water purification which is an eco-friendly approach. The system uses low temperatures to utilize solar thermal energy for the extraction of pure water from saline or contaminated feed solutions. Experimental results indicated that the system was able to achieve greater than 99% salt rejection while maintaining stable flux rates with varying levels of solar intensity. Furthermore, the system offers an economical energy-autonomous solution for remote areas and off-grid communities. The combination of solar collectors with hydrophobic membranes illustrates the ability of SDMD to mitigate water scarcity issues using clean and renewable energy.
Solar Distillation, Membrane Distillation, Decentralized Water Treatment, Renewable Energy, Water Purification, Off-Grid Systems, Sustainable Desalination, Thermal-Driven Separation.
Copyright (c) 2023 Engineering Perspectives in Filtration and Separation
Performance Analysis of Ceramic Membranes in Treating Textile Wastewaters
In this research, the feasibility of ceramic membranes in treating wastewater from textiles, which contains dyes, organic matter, and salts, is analyzed. A pilot-scale membrane filtration system was used and processes evaluated by measuring the removal of color, COD, and TSS. Ceramic membranes were more durable, more chemically resistant, and attained more than 90% color removal. This study demonstrates that cerami membranes can effectively treat textiles effluaents while maintaining sustained operational stability and longevity.
Ceramic Membranes, Textile Wastewater, Membrane Filtration, Dye Removal, Industrial Effluents, Water Reclamation, Wastewater Analysis, Separation Processes.
Development of Graphene-Based Membranes for High-Performance Desalination
This research analyzes the construction of graphene membranes for high efficiency desalination. Through the use of sophisticated salt separation techniques and membrane peeling, the study aims to optimize water flow and salt separation. A thorough assessment of the developed membranes compared to conventional ones shows remarkable durability, efficiency, and performance. The results suggest that with more advanced energy efficient desalination methods, the membranes based on graphene technology could be highly useful in mitigating the world’s freshwater crisis.
Graphene Based Membranes, Desalination, Nanofiltration, Salt Rejection, Water Permeability, 2D Materials, Membrane Technology, Water Purification.
Electrocoagulation-Assisted Filtration for the Removal of Emerging Pollutants in Wastewater
In this paper, we investigate the use of electrocoagulation-assisted filtration (ECAF) as a novel approach for the removal of emerging contaminants from wastewater. This system applies electrochemical coagulation alongside membrane filtration enabling the removal of drug residues, personal care products, and microplastics. Results from bench scale studies showed more than 90% removal of contaminants with reduced membrane fouling and lower energy costs. The findings demonstrate the advanced treatment efficiency of ECAF while adding versatility to emerging contaminant mitigation strategies in water systems.
Contaminated Water Treatment Advanced Techniques, Electrocoagulation, Emerging Contaminants, Water Systems Pollutants, Wastewater Treatment, Hybrid Filtration, Microplastics Removal, Pharmaceutical Residues, Membrane Fouling, Water Quality.
Bioinspired Filtration Systems for Heavy Metal Removal from Industrial Effluents
WSNs provide promising solution in monitoring remote distributed environments. Data collected by WSNs are used for analysis and make decision. However, WSNs are vulnerable to different types of data faults due to various problems. In WSNs, transmission of data faults sent from sensor nodes to base station wasted precious energy and affected dependability of data. Such problems in WSNs can be avoided by detecting and filtering data fault using Hybrid Method (HM). In this paper we have studied the energy efficiency of two hybrid methods: HM and HM for Masking Effect. Both HM uses techniques such as Rule Based Method (RBM), Temporal Correlation Method (TCM), and Statistical Methods. Results show HM for Masking Effect is energy efficient compared to HM in the verification and validation of WSNs. Data.
Bioinspired Filtration, Heavy Metal Removal, Industrial Effluents, Biomimetic Membranes, Biosorbents, Wastewater Treatment, Chitosan-Alginate, Eco-Friendly Remediation.
Energy-Efficient Microalgae Filtering and Harvesting Using an Extremely Low-Pressure Membrane Filter with Fouling Control
Microalgae (MA)-derived products have garnered increasing interest, resulting in expanded large-scale farming. The substantial energy required for MA harvesting constitutes a significant obstacle. This study assessed the energy-efficient harvesting of MA using Ultra-Lower-Stress Membranes (ULSM) filtering (<20 kPa) in conjunction with oxygenation. ULSM provided numerous advantages, particularly in minimizing energy usage, as it functioned at low Transmembrane Stress (TMS). Elevated TMS frequently correlates with increased pumping power, augmenting energy consumption. Membrane (MM) compression would significantly impact MMs with elevated TMS. The findings indicated that MM compression leads to a pure water permeability (PM) loss of up to 65% when the TMS is increased from 2.4 to 20 kPa. The permeabilities of Chlorella vulgaris broth diminished from 1650 and 1200 to 280 and 260 L/m²·hr·bar for the corresponding transmembrane pressures in systems with and without oxygenation. It was determined that MM fouled was more susceptible at low transmembrane pressure because inadequate foulant scoured from a low crossflow speed, resulting in PM reductions of up to 55%. MM fouling is the primary disadvantage of MM systems, as it diminishes MM efficiency. This research implemented aeration to prevent the fouling of MMs by dislodging foulants from the MM surface and holes. Reduced electrical consumption and improved filtering efficacy indicate that MM filtering integrated with an orifice presents a viable method for MA gathering, excelling in efficiency and accessibility. The particular electrical consumption for the ULSM was notably low, reaching up to 4.3 × 10^-3 kWh/m. A combination of low TMS and aeration results in minimal energy intake.
Microalgae, Filtering, Fouling Control, Harvesting, Energy-Efficiency
Chromatographic Methods for the Separation of Naturally Occurring Bioactive Compounds and Their Applications in Industry
Chromatographic methods are widely used for the separation and analysis of naturally occurring bioactive compounds, which are critical in pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics industries. These methods provide high precision in isolating complex compounds, contributing to their diverse industrial applications. However, conventional chromatographic techniques often face limitations such as low efficiency in separating compounds with similar properties, high operational costs, and extended analysis times. To address these challenges, this study introduces Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography for Bioactive Separation (MEC-BS), a novel framework that leverages micelles as pseudo-stationary phases in capillary electrophoresis. MEC-BS improves separation efficiency by enhancing resolution and enabling the simultaneous analysis of hydrophobic and hydrophilic compounds. The proposed method demonstrates its utility in the precise separation and analysis of bioactive compounds from natural products, such as plant extracts and marine-derived substances. MEC-BS offers a cost-effective and time-efficient alternative to traditional techniques, making it suitable for industrial applications. The findings indicate that MEC-BS provides superior separation efficiency, shorter analysis times, and better reproducibility, establishing it as a robust method for industrial applications requiring high-quality bioactive compound separation.
Chromatographic Methods, Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography, Bioactive Compound Separation, Natural Products, Industrial Applications, Analytical Efficiency.
Impact of Corn Production on Agriculture and Ecological Uses of Olive Mill Sewage using Ultrafiltration and Microfiltration
The impact of olive mill sewage (OMS) is the most significant ecological issue in the Mediterranean area. This research is part of a comprehensive OMS administration plan focused on producing high-value goods from OMS with minimal discharge. OMS is an organic substance that can be repurposed into the soil following ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF) treatment and utilized as an herbicide for agricultural production. This process promotes an ecologically conscious farming technique with reduced greenhouse gas emission (GGE), as sewage can either totally or partially replace chemical fertilizers, conserve clean water, and provide economic advantages to farmers. A comprehensive study was conducted on the Agricultural and Ecological Uses of OMS using UF and MF processes (AEU-OMS). This method produced two parts: UF retention and MF penetration, which were deficient in ions and phenolic molecules, were analyzed for their irrigation and nitrogen fertilization possibility, whilst UF-MF retention, which was abundant in these components, was examined for usage as a bio-herbicide. The plant toxicity of the UF-MF retention component on corn crops was assessed for seedling development and chlorophyll concentration.
Olive Mill Sewage, Herbicide, Agricultural Production, Ultrafiltration, Microfiltration, Ecology, Corn Production.
Improving the Storage Duration and Improving the Characteristics of Tender Coconut Water using Non-thermal Two-phase Microfiltration
Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is a significant crop in tropical climates. Tender coconut water (TCW) is ingested as a revitalizing beverage due to its nutritive and medicinal attributes. The combination of electrolytes and minerals renders TCW appropriate as a sports beverage. Nonetheless, it is very susceptible to degradation, rendering the TCW unfit for consumption after about one day owing to contamination from outside by bacteria and oxidization, which results in the loss of almost all of its taste and nutrients. A non-thermal two-phase microfiltration (NTM) method for sterile circumstances has been employed in this work to protect TCW. The levels of acidic substances like citric acid (CA), the antioxidant ascorbic acid (AA), and L-cysteine (LC) were calibrated based on flavor and included in TCW as organic additions. After purging the head with nitrogen, TCW was contained in the plastic and glass jars and kept in the refrigerator. The NTM-TCW had been examined for microbiological, taste, and physiological qualities for 45 days. The purity of TCW contained in glass jars was superior in every aspect. The impact of refrigerated storage has been investigated. During storage, the total acidity level went up. TCW stored in plastic had the highest amounts, followed by TCW stored in glass, and finally, TCW was stored in its original state. The sugar content showed a different trend. The original sample kept the highest amounts of sugar after storage, while the values slowly dropped in glass and plastic storage, with plastic showing the most significant drop. The amount of amino acids was reduced in all of the settings. The original specimen was better preserved than those in glass and plastic, while TCW dropped in plastic broke down the fastest. As time went on, the original state constantly did a better job than glass and plastic at keeping the quality and nutritional content of TCW, with plastic being the least effective. Microfiltering (MF) and the incorporation of compounds have been determined to enhance the storage duration of TCW.
Tender coconut water, Non-thermal, Microfiltration, Refrigeration, Taste, Purging.
Synthetic Wearable Kidney: The Creation of a Thin-Film Nano Fibrous Composite Membrane for Blood Filtration
The Synthetic Wearable Kidney (SWK), a remarkable medical innovation of the last century, has preserved many lives afflicted with advanced renal failure. The configurations of SWK have undergone significant evolution throughout years of exploration. The future trajectory of SWK is focused on downsizing, enhanced biological compatibility, and providing metabolic activities. A hollow-fiber membrane with precisely regulated blood and dialyses flow emerged as the predominant design of the contemporary SWK. Despite their proven efficacy in extending patient longevity, contemporary blood purifying systems remain flawed. The existing blood purification therapy is deficient in enhancing the patient's well-being, managing problems, and restoring metabolic processes. This paper presents a straightforward approach for the lightweight construction of a SWK utilizing an innovative dialysis/adsorption dual-purpose Thin-film Nano-Fibrous Composite (TNC) Membrane for Blood Filtration (BF). TNC membrane comprises a Polyvinyl Alcohol (PA) water-based gel as the separating stage and a nano-fibrous (NF) membrane integrated with Carboxyl Functionalized Zirconium-based Metal-Organic Framework (CF-ZR-MOF), designed to decrease the quantity of creatinine during dialysis and provide effective BF. Results illustrate that the filtration capacity of both CF-ZR-MOF and PA-TNC escalates with increasing quantity, with CF-ZR-MOF NP exhibiting a markedly superior capacity (about 78 mg/g) in contrast to PA-TNC (around 43 mg/g) at elevated quantities. Consequently, incorporating a separation feature in the TNC dialysis substrate may promote the creation of a compact SWK.
Synthetic Wearable Kidney, Thin-film, Nano-Fibrous Composite, Polyvinyl Alcohol, Dialysis, Blood Filtration.
Techniques for Creating, Extracting, Separating, and Purifying Food and Feed Using Microalgae
Numerous Microalgae (MA) species are utilized for their significant biotechnological possibilities in generating various biomolecules applicable across multiple industrial sectors. The primary issue of biotechnology processes is achieving economic viability by producing highly valuable chemicals. Many of these chemicals are sequestered within the cells, necessitating efficient gathering, wellness, and purifying methods. New developments in physicochemical therapies, such as supercritical liquid extraction, ultrasound-assisted gathering, pulsed electrical fields, and solvent-free processes, aim to develop sustainable and adaptable methods for efficient and pure extraction of the desired goods. This article examines the existing methodologies, emphasizing select instances of recently granted patents about gathering, rehabilitating, and purifying microalgal elements at small and large levels, in alignment with the global shift towards bio-based outcomes.
Microalgae, Separation Process, Purification, Food.
Membrane-Based Separation Methods for Effective Contaminant Removal in Wastewater and Water Systems
Potential Emerging Pollutants (PEPs), including dangerous chemicals, toxic metals, and biological waste, significantly endanger human well-being, hygiene, and ecological systems by contaminating ecosystems and water supplies. The PEPs come from diverse industrial Wastewater (WW) emissions, including those from the drugs, food, and metals manufacturing sectors. These PEPs in touch with water contaminate the water and disrupt aquatic life. A multitude of techniques have been employed for the treatment of effluents and the separation of harmful compounds and metals. Among these systems, Membrane-Based Separating Processes (MBSPs) surpass traditional methods of delivering pure water from WW streams at a cost-effective rate with minimal energy consumption. This research discusses Micro Filtering (MF), Ultrafiltering (UF), Nano Filtering (NF), Reversed Osmosis (RO), Forward Osmosis (FO), and hybrid methods, referencing findings from the past decades.
Membrane-Based Separation, Contaminant Removal, Wastewater, Pollutants.
Recent Patterns in the Usage of Nanomaterials and Nanofiltration Models for Pollutant Removal in Wastewater Treatment
Water contamination presents substantial risks to ecosystems and human health. Addressing this issue necessitates efficiently treating home wastewater to transform trash into bio-fertilizers and gases. Disregarding liquid waste management incurs significant repercussions for public health and the ecosystem. This review examines advanced methods for the treatment of water and wastewater, with an emphasis on combating water-borne illnesses. It encompasses pollution avoidance and purifying techniques, such as hydrotherapy, membrane filtering, mechanical filtering, reversal osmosis, ion exchange, and copper-zinc cleansing. The article emphasizes extraction, field approaches, heavy metal elimination, and innovative technologies such as nanochips, graphite, Nanofiltration (NF), airborne water generations, and Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs)-based remediation. The analysis highlights the importance of water purification for ecosystem preservation and human well-being, addressing pollution concerns and examining the incorporation of wastewater administration, coagulant methods, and Nanomaterial application in management strategies. Advanced biological processes, integrated with filtration, sterilization, and membranes, can enhance recovery rates by as much as 91%, exceeding the efficacy of standalone primary (<12%) or biological approaches (<52%). The future offers potential as modern purification methods improve water quality and accessibility, highlighting the necessity for responsible water preservation and administration to ensure sustainability.
Nanomaterials, Nanofiltration, Wastewater Treatment, Pollution.
Nanotechnology and their Applications in Chiral and Achiral Separating Mechanisms
Stereoselective chiral compounds are associated with specific biological functions. Enantiomers exhibit considerable differences in their metabolic responses inside biological environments. Notwithstanding the recent progress in discovering medicines and pharmaceutical biotechnology, the chiral separation of certain racemic combinations remains a significant challenge, as current methods are prohibitively expensive and time-consuming for evaluating medicinal products in the early phases of global development. Numerous Nanoparticles (NP) have emerged as a focal point of research within Nanotechnology (NT), particularly in chirality, where multiple studies have documented advancements in the enantiomeric separating of different racemic combinations. The fabrication of surface-modified NP has addressed sensibility, precision, and enantioselectivity, rendering these NPs advantageous for enantiomeric detection and separation.
Nanotechnology, Chiral, Separation Mechanisms, Analysis.
A Review of Membrane Filtrating Methods for Contaminant/Pollution Removal in Water and Sewage Treatment
Drinking water supplies are becoming vulnerable to various forms of pollution owing to human activities, and appropriate treatment is needed to eliminate pathogenic agents. Community drinking water systems employ several treatment procedures to ensure people's drinking water security and portability. They are inadequate in removing hazardous pollutants to the surroundings and human health. Alternative treatment procedures, including membrane filtering, have been suggested as ultimate purification techniques. This article seeks to elucidate the categories of pollutant substances, filtering methodologies, and membranes that have been extensively researched. It focuses explicitly on how modifications to membranes—whether through manufacturing techniques or the integration of nanomaterials—affect their efficacy.
Membrane Filtrating, Contaminant, Sewage, Water Treatment.